Raincoats are rainproof clothes made of waterproof fabrics, and the applicable waterproof fabrics include tapes, tarpaulins and plastic films.
Raincoats originated in China. In the Zhou Dynasty, some people used vanilla “Bi Li” to make raincoats for rain protection. Modern raincoat waterproof fabrics pay attention to breathability, and breathable raincoats help people to dissipate hot and humid water vapor from the raincoat when they are wearing, increasing comfort.
Raincoats originated in China. In the Zhou Dynasty, some people used vanilla “Bi Li” to make raincoats to protect against rain, snow, wind and sunshade. Around the Spring and Autumn Period, the ancients had invented an oilcloth raincoat. “Zuo Zhuan·Ai Gong Twenty-seven Years” contains: “Chen Chengziyi makes sticks”. Du pre-note: “system, raincoat”. Qing Duan Yucai believed that the rain gear was not made of grass, but the oil cloth of today. According to research, at that time, people already knew the drying oil plants such as tung and eucalyptus. After the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the production of oilcloth raincoats went a step further. It could be processed on silk or made of cocoon paper. In the Sui Dynasty, oilcloth was used to make raincoats. “Book of Sui” once recorded that Emperor Yang of Sui watched hunting and encountered rain, and “entered the oil coat from left to right”. However, this kind of oilcloth raincoat is expensive and difficult for ordinary people to obtain. Only nobles can enjoy it. The raincoat in the Tang Dynasty was a combination of a mink coat and a hat. Tang Zhangzhi and the word “Fisherman’s Song” said: “green bamboo hat, green mink coat, oblique wind and drizzle do not need to return”, which truly describes the situation of working people wearing raincoats to work. . Therefore, “green chopsticks” and “green mink clothing” are said, because both are made of plant leaves, and there were raincoats made of silk in the Tang Dynasty. For a long period of time, hoodies and hats are still popular raincoats, but with the development of social productive forces, they are no longer thatch, but brown instead, and the production is becoming more and more exquisite. In the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Minoyi was a raincoat for army soldiers. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the nobles also preferred Minoyi Lidou, such as Jia Baoyu in “A Dream of Red Mansions”, the “Jade Needle Mino” draped from jade grass in rainy days, and the “Golden rattan hat” made of thin strips of rattan skin and brushed with tung oil. ‘, aroused the admiration of the girls. As rain-proof clothing, the hood has been used until the appearance of modern new plastic raincoats and gradually left people’s vision. However, in some remote mountainous areas, you will still see scorpions made of plant fibers.
In 1747, French engineer François Frereau
used latex obtained from rubber wood to put cloth shoes and coats in this latex solution for dipping treatment, which can play a waterproof role. In a rubber factory in Scotland, England, there was a worker named McIndus. One day in 1823, McIndus accidentally dripped rubber solution onto his clothes while working. After he found it, he quickly wiped it with his hands, but the rubber liquid seemed to seep into the clothes, instead of wiping it off, it was smeared. McIndus was reluctant to throw away the dress, so he still wore it to get off work. Before long, McIndus discovered that the rubberized part of the dress seemed to be coated with a layer of waterproof glue, which, although unsightly, was impervious to water. He simply coated the entire garment with rubber, and the result was a garment that could keep out the rain. With this new dress, McIndus will never worry about the rain again. The novelty spread quickly, and when colleagues in the factory learned about it, they also followed McIndus’s example and made waterproof tape raincoats. Later, the reputation of the tape raincoat became more and more popular, which attracted the attention of British metallurgist Parks, who also studied this special clothing. Parks found that the rubberized clothing, although impermeable, was hard and brittle, and it was neither aesthetically pleasing nor comfortable to wear. Parks decided to make some improvements to the clothes. It was not until 1884 that Parks invented the technology of using carbon disulfide as a solvent to dissolve rubber and make waterproof products, and applied for a patent. In order to make the invention quickly applicable to production and turned into a commodity, Parks sold the patent to a man named Charles. After that, they began to produce raincoats in large quantities, and the trade name of “Charles Raincoat Company” quickly swept the world. However, people have not forgotten the credit of McIndus, everyone called the raincoat “McIndus”. Since then, the word “raincoat” has been called “mackintosh” in English. After entering the twentieth century, the appearance of plastics and various waterproof fabrics has enriched the styles and colors of raincoats [1]. After the 1960s, raincoats made of plastic films or treated raincloths became widely popular
Modern society often uses raincoats made of plastic films or treated rain-proof cloths. These raincoats have the advantages of simple production, light weight and softness, many varieties of colors and low prices [2] . There are many kinds of common raincoat fabrics in life, including nylon oxford fabric, coated fabric, polyester fabric, PTFF (polytetrafluoroethylene), Gore-Tex fabric, etc., but for outdoor sports, the raincoat fabric needs to be both comfortable. , breathability.
Adhesive cloth: The gum of the raincoat is attached to the cotton cloth, which is soft and thick, and relatively strong.
Rainproof cloth: two clothes, good waterproof performance, but thinner and brittle.
Plastics: raincoats are easy to carry, have good water resistance, and are inexpensive, but their service life is not long [5] [6] .
Oxford cloth: a fabric obtained by a specific weaving method of cotton or polyester, which is easy to wash, quick-drying, soft to the touch, good in moisture absorption, soft in color, soft in body, good in breathability, comfortable in wearing, and has a two-color effect.
Coated fabric: The inner surface of the fabric is coated with a layer of waterproof and moisture-permeable coating, such as raincoats commonly used by police and mountaineers. The waterproof and breathable effect is good, but the price is high.
Polyester fabric: The biggest advantage of the fabric is good wrinkle resistance and shape retention, but poor dyeability and poor moisture absorption and breathability.
PTFF (polytetrafluoroethylene): Lightweight, comfortable, waterproof and breathable, and cheap. First used in the production of military uniforms and protective clothing, and later used in sportswear. The manufacture of tents and other items is also an excellent material for biochemical protective clothing.
Nylon: The product has good luster, strength and wear resistance, but it is easy to deform under the action of external force, so its fabric is prone to wrinkles during wearing.
Gore-Tex: Wind, rain, comfort, breathability, composite film and high-performance textile fabric, and sealed with a new type of adhesive for long-lasting waterproof protection